Hillary Clinton Essay

HILLARY CLINTON All can agree that this year is a very special year for presidential candidates. One candidate could be the first Morman president. One who could be the oldest president. Another who could be the first black president. And last, but not least, one who could very well become the first women president! This one woman, as we all know, is no stranger to the White House. Yes, she has called it her home before. She lived there for nearly eight years. Her name is †¦ Hillary Clinton, Presidential Candidate for the 2008 Democratic Party. The following will demonstrate the stances, vision, political accomplishes and pieces of her own life, on which she is planning to lead our country in the right direction. Hillary Diane Rodham, the first child born to Dorthy and Hugh Rodham, was born on October 26, 1947 at a Chicago hospital, and was raised in Park Ridge, Illinois. Hillary’s childhood was happy but disciplined. She loved participating in sports and was greatly involved with her church. During high school, she was enrolled in the National Honor Society. Her parents always encouraged her to study hard and to follow whatever career interested her(Jones 1). Hillary graduated Wellesley College, and spoke at her graduation saying, â€Å"The challenge now is to practice politics as the art of making what appears to be impossible, possible. † Later, in 1969, she entered Yale law School where she serced on the Board of Editors of Yale Law Review and Social Action. This point in Hillar’s life holds a special place in her heart, for this is the place in which she met her future husband, Bill Clinton. She often recalls how they met in the library when she walked up to him and said, â€Å"If you are going to keep staring I might as well introduce myself. † Hillary and Bill married in 1975. In those next few years to come, Hillary joined the faculty of the university of Arkansas Law School and later the Rose Law Firm. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the board of Legal Services corporation. Bill, on the other hand, became the Governor of Arkansas. Then in 1980, the first child, Chelsea Clinton, was born (Walker 1). After Bill had been elected President of the United States of America, Hillary did her best to balance public service and her family (Jones3). Now a days, Hillary’s name is among many influencial people such as Barack Obama and John McCain, as she fights to win the election. If she should win, as we all know she will become the very first woman president in the United States history (Simpson 1). Hillary Clinton is one of the very diverse candidates for the 2008 presidential election. She has been in the White House before but not as President. She has been working hard for our country ever since Bill Clinton, her husband, became president in 1992. Hillary Clinton’s political achievements range from helping after 9/11 as a New York Senator, to running campaigns against the degradation and abuse of women. Hillary Clinton is a strong force to be reckoned with. As first lady she accomplished traveling the globe speaking for women’s rights. From the White House she led efforts to make adoption easier, expand early learning and child care, increase funding for breast cancer research, and to help veterans suffering from Gulf War syndrome who had often been ignored in the past. Hillary helped to launch a national campaign to prevent teen pregnancy and helped create an Adoption Safe Families Act in 1997, this moved children from foster care to adoption more quickly. Thanks to her efforts the number of children who have moved out of foster care and into adoption has increased. Hillary Clinton’s campaign for a universal health care coverage did not succeed, but she continues to push. She has helped plan the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, which provided millions of Children with health insurance. In 2000 Hillary Clinton was elected as Senator for New York, as senator Clinton has continued to advocate for women and children , has been a national leader for homeland security , and she worked in 2001 to recover and rebuild after 9/11. She has also worked to make sure our troops in Iraq are properly equipt, expand quality affordable health care, she has pushed to help care for children, and has worked to make sure everyone has the fair right to vote. Hillary Clinton has made many strides in political achievement and has earned her spot to have a fair run in the 2008 Presidential election (Clinton 1). As president Hillary Clinton will lower taxes for middle class families: extending the middle class tax cuts including child tax and marriage penalty relief, offering new tax cuts for health care, college, and retirement, and expanding the EITC and the child care tax credit. Also she plans on harnessing the power of innovation to create high wage jobs on the 21st century. In vestments in alternative energy can create new jobs; expanded access to broadband will bring opportunities to underserved and disadvantaged communities. The manufacturing base re-energized through creative partnerships; and increased government suppor for research will stimulate the development of new technologies and life saving medicines. Hillary will restore integrity to science policy, recoiling Bush administration policies that are holding our nation back. Hillary Clinton said, â€Å"After six and a half years of President Bush’s fiscal irresponsibility, she wants America to regain control of its destiny†. She will move toward a balanced budget. Hillary believes that we would develop a set of budget rules similar to those we had in the 90s (Clinton 1). Hillary is very educated, and since she is very educated, she has many views and opinions on different issues. One view she has that many people feel very strongly about is abortion. Some people are totally against it, calling it in humane, while many people are completely for it. Hillary Clinton, is pro-choice, meaning she is for it. No she has never had an abortion, but she thinks this will keep people from getting illegal or unsafe abortions. I agree with this in the fact that if people want to do something, or want something done, they are going to do it. So why not do it as safe as possible (http://www. ontheissues. org/2008/Hillary_Clinton_Abortion. htm). Along with being pro- choice, Hillary has many other views, she believes some people caught with crack cocaine should get shorter sentences, ending the war as soon as possible is whats best, health care should be easily afforded and accesed, improving our schools is very important, and last but definitely not least women’s rights. One of the most important issues, Hillary believes, is ending the war in Iraq. She wants Iraq and its neighboring countries to govern itself. This would allow us to focus on our own government. Don’t get me wrong, she does want to help Iraq get back on its feet, but not by keeping troops over there, by spreading peace not war. She wants the countries to refrain from getting involved in their civil war. She also wants our troops to come home almost instantly. This is also a big issue many people look at when they are deciding on who their vote should go to. The issues may be very important and critical, but Hillary doesn’t hide what she believes because she wants people to know what they are getting when they vote Clinton. (Clinton 3 and 1) In conclusion, Hillary Clinton has, and sill is, proving herself to be a worthy opponent in this presidential Election. Her stances, visions, leadership skills, and her own background have been explained and demonstrated In hopes to open your eyes to not only Hillary as a candidate, but all candidates.

“The Scarlet Letter” Chapters 1-3 Review Essay

1. As the story opens a throng is gathered. Who are these people? Where and why are they gathered? Men with beards in sad-colored garments and crowned hats, there are also a few women. They are citizens and they are gathered outside, around the marketplace, to view Hester Prynne on a platform, with her scarlet letter. 2. The description in Chapter One of the people’s dress, the prison, and the surrounding vegetation serves to establish certain important impressions of Puritan society at the time of the story. What impressions of this society do you get from the opening chapter? It can be inferred that the timeline is in the seventeenth century due to the description of the area and the way it is referenced, such as the â€Å"market place.† I feel that the community is very strict Puritan. As it was mentioned in the Hawthorne biography lecture, his writing was influenced by a strict Puritan background. Puritans took sin very seriously, which included being very strict with punishments. In the first chapter, the details of Hester’s punishment are not in vivid detail; however, her sin is not just taken with a â€Å"grain of salt,† so to say, because she is put on display in front of the entire community. 3. The story itself begins with the punishment of Hester Prynne. a. What early hints do you get in Chapter Two about the nature of her crime? A group of women are discussing Hester at the market-place and the women agreed that the women who are mature and good church members should be allowed to deal with such â€Å"malefactresses as this Hester Prynne.† The women also refer to Hester as a â€Å"hussy.† It is also mentioned that Dimmesdale is upset about such a scandal. One woman suggests that Hester should be branded upon her forehead and another woman declares that Hester has â€Å"brought shame upon us all, and ought to die.† The women’s remarks suggest that â€Å"Mistress Prynne† has committed a woman’s crime, one that brings them all shame. So,  from the language of the group of women and the terms â€Å"mistress† and â€Å"scandal,† it can best be inferred that she committed a crime that looks bad amongst women and her being referred to as a mistress (one who partakes in sexual acts without relationship bounds) gives hints to her crime. b. What more definite information about her crime do you get in Chapter Three? While standing on the platform, Hester recognizes a man in the crowd who is accompanied by an Indian. This man inquires about her and why she is there. This is where we learn that she has committed adultery (the scarlet letter â€Å"A† is for adultery). 4. What two punishments have been assigned to Hester Prynne? One is that her sin ousts her from society. The other is that she must wear an â€Å"A,† the scarlet letter, especially for public humiliation, which marks that she committed adultery. 5. Standing on the scaffold, Hester envisions her earlier life. What facts do you learn about her previous life? What was her relationship with the man â€Å"well stricken in years†? We learn that she grew up in England, and her house, which was a decayed, poverty-stricken house of gray stone. Her mother had passed away and it was inferred that she also left her home to go to a city because she imagines a continental city with narrow streets, huge cathedrals; and ancient public buildings. While mentioning the city, the book also mentions the man â€Å"well stricken in his years.† It is said that she imagines a man whose years had worn on him, his right shoulder a bit deformed because the left shoulder is higher, the weary face and bleary eyes of a scholar who had read many books. In the third chapter, Hester sees a man in the crowd that matches the description of her imagination and he immediately catches her gaze. It is later revealed in the chapter that the man is her husband. 6. One man in the surrounding crowd is singled out. He is described as â€Å"clad in a strange disarray of civilized and savage costume.† a. What effect does his presence have on Hester?   Her intensive awareness of the public’s attention was relieved when she saw an Indian with a white man in the crowd. It is said that when Hester saw the man, she clutched her baby to her chest so hard that it cried; however, she did not even realize or hear her baby cry. She could not stop staring at him. b. What is the significance of his laying his finger on his lips when Hester fastens her eyes on him? He had noticed that she was watching him and she must’ve been confused by his presence. When he caught her gaze, he pressed his finger to his lips to signal to her to not say a word. c. What clues are there to his identity? When Hester was on the scaffold imagining her past, she imagined a man with deformed shoulders, his left shoulder higher than his right, she imagined a weary face and bleary ices with a penetrating power. The first clue is when Hester first sees the man and she notices his â€Å"intelligence† features, she also notices his shoulders and more into the details, it is revealed through the expressive descriptions of his eyes and his gaze that the man she sees in the crowd is the man she imagined. 7. While on the scaffold, Hester is subjected to a kind of interrogation. a. What important question related to her crime remains unanswered? Who the father of Hester’s baby is/who tempted Hester. b. What plea do the two ministers make in regard to this question? To reveal the man who is the baby’s father/tempted Hester into adultery. c. Who else besides the 2 clergymen questions her in this matter? It was Governor Bellingham. d. What is Hester’s response? That her child must seek a heavenly father, for her child will never have an earthly one. 8. Based on the reading you have done in these chapters, do you have a theory about the answer to the question which the ministers have put to Hester? If you do, explain what you have noticed in your reading that might support  your theory. During the questioning, Dimmesdale has a much stronger plea than Mr. Wilson, but prior to his questioning, he takes a moment to say a silent prayer, which Mr. Wilson did not, which gives a bit of a suspicion. Dimmesdale’s voice trembles and is quite broken when he speaks to Hester; he even mentions that even if the man who tempted her had to step down from his position of high power/authority, that it would be better than living a life of sin. When Mr. Wilson asked Hester to speak, her gaze never broke Dimmesdale, especially with she said that she would never tell. â€Å"She will not speak!,† murmured Dimmesdale, as he was leaning over the balcony with his hand over his heart as he had waited to see how Hester would respond. From Dimmesdale’s strong plea, his emotions and actions during the plea, and the way he reacts when Hester is asked to speak gives off hints that there may be a connection between Hester and Dimmesdale.

Cheating Behavior Among Undergraduate Students Psychology Essay

Cheating Behavior Among Undergraduate Students Psychology Essay The journal articles that are reviewed here have common keywords which are students and cheating, which can be classified as academic dishonesty. The research in the first journal is about cheating behavior among undergraduate students. The critical review in the first journal basically criticized the Methodological issue and theoretical issue which involve the sample of the study, procedures and how the research is beneficial to others. The research in the second journal however is about Academic dishonesty and perceptions of Pakistani students. The critical review in the second journal criticized about the Methodological issue and theoretical issue which involve Sample of the study, research instrument and procedure of study. Journal 1 Cheating behavior among undergraduate students Batool, Saeeda; Abbas, Anam; Naeemi, Zahra. International Journal of Business and Social Science, ISSN 2219-1933, 01/2011, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 246 Summary This research paper has taken into considerat ion the factors that persuade students at the undergraduate level to cheat. The basic purpose of this research paper is to analyze the reasons that persuade students to cheat at the undergraduate level. In this paper, the factors taken in to account are student CGPA, parental pressure, lack of preparation for a particular exam, student’s time consumed in extracurricular activities and gender on the level of cheating done by students. Specifically, for this paper the term ‘cheating’ means the following; cheating on quizzes, exams and assignments. For research and data collection purposes, the total sample size taken is 300 undergraduate students from five different universities. With the data that was collected, analysis was done through cross-tabulation and other tools for defining the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Lastly, this paper also talks about the relationship between the factors that cause undergraduate to cheat. Journal 1 Critical Review Methodological Issue Sample of the Study A total of 300 undergraduate students were involved in this research. 60 undergraduate students were selected from five different universities and colleges. The universities and colleges that were involved were NUST Business School, Bahria University, FAST, Islamic International University and Shifa Medical College which are all situated in Islamabad. Even though the sample size of each institution was equal, the data from this research cannot be generalized worldwide due to the small sample of this research and the race of the sample. Even though the sample size of the study was equal, but it is unknown that whether the male ratio and female ration are equal in each sample size. Moreover, the data that were collected were all from the undergraduates in Islamabad, which composed of mostly Middle Eastern students. In addition, the institutions were not chosen at random, due to the institutions were chosen based on the authorsâ €™ ability to conduct the study. Thus, it will be inappropriate to use the title of this research which is â€Å"cheating behaviors among undergraduate students† due to the data cannot be generalized. Aside from, that it is unknown that whether the participants were selected randomly or the participants voluntarily participate the research. But, in this case, the researcher most probably adapted the method of convenient sampling. Even though, convenient sampling allows researcher to collect data easily, but it also has the element of selection bias which might affect the results of the research.

Literature Review of relationship marketing Essay

Literature Review of relationship marketing - Essay Example The emphasis on relationships as opposed to transaction based exchanges is very likely to redefine the domain of marketing (J.N. Sheth, 1988). Indeed, the emergence of a relationship marketing school of thought is imminent given the growing interest of marketing scholars in the relational paradigm. Relationship marketing is in the Advertising, Marketing, & Sales subject. Promotional and selling activities aimed at developing and managing trusting and long-term relationships with larger customers is defined as Relationship Marketing. Customer profile, buying patterns, and history of contacts is maintained in a sales database, and a service representative who is also called an account executive is assigned to one or more major customers to fulfil their needs and maintain the relationship (Business Dictionary, 2007). Relationship marketing is a form of marketing that evolved from direct response marketing; it places emphasis on building longer-term relationships with customers rather than on individual transactions. Relationship marketing involves an understanding of customers' needs and wants through their lifecycle and providing a range of products or services accordingly. Often, though, it is used interchangeably with terms such as customer loyalty, database marketing, predictive modelling, data warehousing, one-to-one marketing, relationship selling, retention, mass customization, customer intimacy or customer bonding. The term relationship marketing was popularised in the 1980s when the focus of marketers started to switch from customer acquisition to customer retention. The concept was strongly influenced by reengineering theory, which was gaining currency at the same time: organisations undergoing reengineering became structured according to complete tasks and processes rather than functions, i.e. cross-functional teams should be responsible for a whole process, from beginning to end, rather than having the work go from one separate functional department to another. Traditional marketing is said to use the functional department approach, which is now deemed too limited to provide a usable framework for assessing and developing customer relationships. In today's sophisticated consumer environment, an alternative model where the focus is on customers and relationships rather than markets and products is now required. As with each new shift in the focus of marketing, there are advocates and critics of the relationship focus in marketing. However, in the same way as (Kotler, A Generic Concept of Marketing, 1972) observed about other shifts in marketing, it is believed that the emergence of a relationship focus will provide a "refreshed and expanded self concept" to marketing. This optimism stems from at least four observations: (i) relationship marketing has caught the fancy of scholars in many parts of the world, including North America, Europe, Australia and Asia, as is evident from the participation in some of the recent conferences held on this subject (Parvatiyar, 1994); (ii) its scope is wide enough to cover the entire spectrum of marketing's sub disciplines, including channels,

The History of Terrorism and Special Forces Research Paper

The History of Terrorism and Special Forces - Research Paper Example An extensive investigation on terrorism has to be carried out especially on the historical background of the US in order to gather a broader perspective about terrorists’ intentions. I strongly believe the research will assist government agencies and legal systems to make timely decisions on how to tackle the deadly threats. The historical background on terrorism dates back to the French revolution (Mitchell, 2010). For the last ten years, however, a dramatic increase in this barbaric act has been observed. To pursue their political agenda they use hijacking, murdering, kidnapping and bombing. Armstrong indicated that modern suicide terror was first noted at an American embassy in Lebanon in 1983 near Beirut (Simpson & Robert, 2004). The group behind the attack was known as Hezbollah, meaning an army of God. The group later led another attack against the French multinational force and the Marine headquarters resulting in the death of 300 people (Bernstein, 2002). The terror attack made western forces to leave Lebanon. A suicide terror attack is presumed to be the most devastating form of terrorism. The terrorists usually use religion to justify their awful acts though the assaults are politically motivated. Hezbollah as I noted uses suicide terror attacks against Israel as a retaliatory apparatus. For example, after their secretary general Abas Musavi was assassinated by Israeli military personnel in 1992, the Hezbollah bombed an Israeli embassy stationed in Buenos Ares (Mann, 2004). Twenty-nine people died while two hundred and fifty people were seriously injured. I also noted that whenever a terror group achieved a political goal their terror activities were observed to reduce. This was a clear indication that the perpetrators were politically motivated rather than being religiously influenced. Islam is also the most dominant religion in the Middle East and terrorists use this opportunity to their advantage. The objective of

Coping, Maintaining Health and Preventing Illness Assignment

Coping, Maintaining Health and Preventing Illness - Assignment Example People with Type A personalities have low self-esteem, low patience, and distrust towards fellow humans. These qualities result in irritation, anger, anxiety and lack of sympathy; these symptoms indicate anxiety disorders. Experiencing anxiety disorders indicates or are associated with some form of cardiac issues. Psychology of individuals has a significant impact on their health. Association of psychological distress and chronic heart failure was established by Lesman-Leegte et al.’s (2006) study that indicated most of the patients with chronic heart failure were suffering from psychological distress, either in the form of depression or anxiety disorder. Sogaard et al.’s (2008) research carried out with a purpose of investigating relationships between type A behavior pattern and psychological distress measured in middle aged men participating in two surveys 28 years apart clearly indicated that Type A individuals had high risk of developing psychological distress. Psychological distress needs to be managed through counselling and psychotherapy that can strengthen Type A individuals’ psychosocial characteristics towards more positive outcomes. Aquarius et al. (2006) proved that younger people require higher social support in order to recover from treatment of peripheral arterial disease (a type of heart disease). This social support is to enhance their psychosocial impressions of the self and

Staff Study Format Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Staff Study Format - Research Paper Example The two articles share a similar course of action (COA) which is simply to prevent the occurrence of further repeat crime in the said countries. The articles discuss different methodologies trough which such crimes can be curbed, controlled or even prevented. However, the two articles different course of action and method where one is the use of CCTV to prevent crime and the other one being the use of repeat victimization to prevent crime. Though different methodologies, the two articles have one main agenda which is to prevent crime. Identification of minimum criterion Crime control in the two towns is measured by a reduction in the number of reported crimes. Less is better effect is one of the minimum criterion applicable in this study. The article on â€Å"CCTV in three town centres in England† by Ben Brown is better in terms crime control than the article on ‘Biting back: Preventing repeat burglary and car crime in Huddersfield† by David Anderson and Ken Pease. Mounting CCTV cameras on the three cities works well in crime control than repeat victimization which is used as a standard approach to crime prevention across an entire police division. Whenever there are CCTV cameras, no crime will take place there, and this is one good way of reducing crime whether from repeat offenders or new offenders (Clarke, 1997). Using repeat victims by the police as a way of Preventing repeat burglary and car crime in Huddersfield only helps them to detect the hardened offenders as they only concentrate on the repeat crimes (Anderson and Pease1995). This leaves a loophole for more crimes from new offenders and this makes use of CCTV cameras more effective than the repeat victimization. More is better is also another criteria applicable in this case. Here, the article â€Å"Biting back: Preventing repeat burglary and car crime in Huddersfield† by David Anderson and Ken Pease are better than the article on â€Å"CCTV in three town centres in England † by Ben Brown. This is because the methodology used in this article involves many actions which makes the crime control method more effective. The inclusion of many actions makes the methodology more comprehensive than the one than only uses CCTV cameras. One can make a conclusion that the use of repeat victimization is more effective as it can be used to detect loopholes and the many causes of crime as opposed to the use of CCTV cameras which only prevents crime. Utility matrix Less is better is the criterion which best addresses the COA of crime control. The utility score will be based on the percentage change in the target crime (0 reduction is worst while 100% reduction is best). The utility for the matrix include learning zone, crime reduction programs, ideal and repeat crime. The crime control matrix Crime Crime Control In the two quadrants which are labeled learning zone and ideal, crime is low. In the learning zone, crime is high but crime control are low while in the ideal situation, special efforts have been put in place to control crime. In the learning zone, the police are trying to learn more on the crime from the repeat victims in order to determine how to prevent re-occurrence of crime. The ideal situation has reduced crime as the police has already put in

Sources and Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sources and Writing - Assignment Example Approximately 200 ethnic origins are found in Canada, according to the 2013 National Household Surveys. 13 other ethnic groups have a population of more than one million people (Edward, 2014). The recent immigrant population is relatively young. Since 2006, 58.6% of the immigrants belonged to the 25-54 working age group. Canada entails a linguistically diversified country. The country is increasingly being multilingual, due to the increasing immigrants who do not understand English or French. 72.8% of the immigrant population illustrates mother tongue which is not English or French. Two thirds of the Canadian population is Christian (Doug, 2011). But, the immigration patterns illustrates the increasing levels of individuals with several other religious beliefs; for instance, Muslim, Hindu and Buddhists. Before the 1970s, majority of the immigrants to Canada were from European countries like United Kingdom, Italy and Netherlands. Presently, the levels of European immigrants have drastically reduced (Brooks, 2013). Canada entails multicultural society that has an ethno-cultural composition that has been developed by immigrants over

Build a Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Build a Model - Essay Example The y-intercept is located at point b which is just above the origin. At this point the income tax is zero and the real interest rate is very low but not zero. The slope of the function is given by m= Δr/Δt. From the diagram below it can be noted that the rate of real interest increases with an increase in income tax and reduces with a decrease in income tax (Dai et al. 38). The choice of y-intercept is at point b because at no time in the economy will the real interest rates are zero. The metrics used on the y axis are sensitive to the bond market while the x axis values consider income taxed on households. The slope represents the change of real interest rate with income tax (Dai et al. 37). Government expenditure is an alternative independent variable in this model. Government expenditure is inversely related to real interest rate. An increase in government expenditure leads to an increase in money supply which would lead to a reduction in interest rates. A fall in government spending leads to reduction in money supply and in turn interest rate reduces (Dai et al.

Technology, Society, and Culture Group Project Term Paper

Technology, Society, and Culture Group Project - Term Paper Example na, Evaristo and Srite (2005) values are acquired early in life through childhood socialization and education, and are often â€Å"stable in nature but can change over time reflecting changes in culture†. Practices develop later in life through activities such as workplace socialization, and are more subject to change than values. According to a cross-cultural research conducted by Kawabata and Tamura (2007) there is limited religious use of the Internet by the Japanese in comparison to the US in spite of a high Internet penetration rate of 66.8% and estimated 85.29 million users by the end of 2005 Internet exchanges are primarily text-based interactions, whereas the new religions, which are more active in Japan than Buddhism or Christianity, have a strong element of religious activities that are physical action-oriented and cannot be translated into text. The structure of public education in Japan is largely based on the American model of education adopted after World War II. Practically almost 100% of Japanese students complete its nine-year compulsory education core. In the late 1980s, the Ministry of Education included computer literacy courses in technology education programs in lower secondary schools to help students understand the roles and functions of computers, and develop capability for the use of computers and information (Murata & Stern, 1993). Combining these new computer courses with introduction of integrated problem solving courses such as mechatronics, applied mechatronics and independent project study at upper secondary technical courses greatly increased the technical human capacity in Japan. Japan has also been able to leverage its superior computer technology and skills to create some of the largest and most advanced products such as textiles, electronics, motor vehicles, chemical substances, processed foods, steel and nonferrous metals and so on. Cultural practices may have changed due to the cross-cultural information brokered by

High Schools in Australia and China Essay Example for Free

High Schools in Australia and China Essay High schools play an important role in teenager education. Each country pays high attention on it, so they try their best to improve the high school education system. Because of different cultures, high schools have many differences in various countries. For example, comparing high schools in Australia and China, there are several similarities and differences in three areas, including the teaching styles, the curriculum, and the time spent. First of all, the teaching styles in high schools between Australia and China have a similarity, but they have many differences. The similarity is that both Australian and Chinese teachers expect students to ask questions and contribute to discussions, and they ask students who break the rules to leave class and wait outside as a punishment. However, teaching styles in China and Australia have many differences. Chinese teachers stand in front of the classroom during the class, while the Australian teachers move around the room and sit on the tables. Moreover, sometimes Australian teachers have class outdoors. Whenever Chinese teachers call the students, they use the full name, but the Australian teachers use the first name. The students in Australian who have a various table arrangements sit more free than the Chinese students, for Chinese students usually sit in a steady desk arrangement. The main reason causing these differences is that Chinese classroom atmosphere is formal and strict; however, Australian atmosphere is relaxed and informal. On the other hand, the curriculum in China is completely different from Australian. One difference is that they have various subjects. The academic subjects in China are English, Chinese, and Math, although the Australian is English. Chinese students usually choose the English as the second language, but Australian chooses the Japanese. After that, another difference is the exams. For instance, Chinese students have to attend the Senior High School Entrance Examination and the College Entrance Examination, in which they can pass into the senior high schools and universities; nevertheless, Australian students only have exams at years from ten to twelve. Finally, a comparison of time spent between two countries receives several similarities as much as the differences. Some arrangements in Australia are the same as the Chinese. For example, the students go to school from Monday to Friday; furthermore, they have physical education at least one hundred minutes, like the sport time every week. Then two countries both divide high school years into junior years and senior years. In China years from seven to nine are junior years; in contrast, years from ten to twelve are senior years. However, in Australia years from seven to ten are junior, though the years after ten are senior years. Every year Australia has four terms, while china has two. And Australian students spent about six and a half hours at school; still, Chinese students stay at school for nine hours. To sum up, it is clear that high school education various from China to Australia in three different areas, even though they have some similarities. China and Australia have their own history and culture so that they create their own education system. However, each system has advantages which are better than others.

The People of the State of New York Essay Example for Free

The People of the State of New York Essay Nature of the Case: Appeal upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of assault on a police officer and criminal use of a firearm in the 2nd degree. Concise Rule of Law:Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41 which permits persons who appear to be mentally ill and acting in a manner that threatens safety of self or others to be taken into custody. The Penal Law  § 120.08 imposes strict liability with respect to the serious injury aspect of a crime. Facts of the Case:In August 2008, McCray alerted Sunmount Developmental Disabilities Office (SDDO) and Franklin County Emergency Services he was armed and had intended on commit suicide. McCray was eventually found in a canoe to the Raquette River by a variety of police agencies including State Troopers and officers from Department of Environmental Conservation(DEC). This resulted in a standoff for many hours during which McCray maintained aim of the loaded shotgun at himself. A trooper seized an opportunity to grab the gun, along with a DEC officer. A struggle ensued and the gun went off causing massive injuries to a Troopers hand. After being arrested, McCray was charged by indictment with assault on a police officer and criminal use of a firearm in the 2nd degree. Following a trial, McCray was convicted as charged and sentenced to 15 years in prison followed by 5 years of post-release supervision, defendant appeals. Issues of the Case: Was McCray’s mental health status such that he qualified for consideration under Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41 or Penal Law  § 120.08 which addresses the element of the intent? Did McCray’s attorney represent him effectively? Was his punishment considered harsh or excessive? Holding of the Case: Mental Hygiene  § 9.41 does not impermissibly criminalizes defendant’s mental illness. Penal Law  § 120.08 does not negate the requirement to prove intent. McCray was not impermissibly criminalized. McCray’s attorney had represented him properly. No, it was not excessive or harsh Rationale of the Case: As it is relevant here, Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41permits a State Trooper to â€Å"take into custody any person who appears to be mentally ill and is conducting himself or herself in a manner which is likely to result in serious harm to the person or others† to detentions made pursuant to Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41, and Penal Law  § 120.08 does not necessarily criminalize a defendants mental illness, contrary to defendants contention. The claim of ineffective assistance of counsel should have been made as an CPL Article 440 motion to the trial court, but, â€Å"viewed in totality and as of the time of representation,† we find the â€Å"evidence† the law, and the circumstances of [this] particular case†¦the attorney provided meaningful representation.† It is possible for an individual charged with assault on a police officer to present evidence at trial that he or she was mentally ill at the time of the incident, and thus, did not possess the requisite intent to commit the crime. Considering the defendant’s history, which dates back to 1987 and includes several prior firearm-related convictions, and the circumstances of this case does not support that the County Court abused its discretion in sentencing the defendant to the maximum available sentence, nor does it establish extraordinary circumstances exist that warrant a reduction of the sentence in the justice of the interest. The law and the circumstances of this particular case have revealed that the attorney provided meaningful representation. The decision that was imposed on McCrary by the County Court was not harsh or excessive. Disposition of the Case: On June 14, 2012 the judgment was affirmed.

Efficient Streaming Protocol for Transmitting Video Files

Efficient Streaming Protocol for Transmitting Video Files Chapter one Introduction Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Motivation Information in computer science might be represented in multiple forms. In the beginning the first used forms of information were text and images, after the huge increase of using computers and internet another type of information appears, it is the hyper text which is the combination of text and images. Hyper text is text pages that connected by hyper links (hyper link provide non linear access to the text pages no need to view all the pages sequentially to access a specific page) and then new forms are used like Audio and motion pictures or videos, nowadays a combination of these representations as well as the traditional forms (text and images) is called multimedia [LIZ04]. Multimediais a data type may contain multiple types of information like: audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media (text, graphics, drawings and images), Digital multimedia is a data type represented by series of bits and manipulated by some multimedia applications and stored on some storage units like on CD or DVD or in multimedia servers. Digital multimedia can be interactive (non linear access) that can be manipulated with computer programs (create, edit, transfer), or non interactive (linear access) where the viewer is unable to control the multimedia like the presentation of movie in the cinema [LIZ04]. Hypermedia is a collection of many types of information like text, images even videos in one website or more that are connected together by some hyper links that provide non linear access to the media like encyclopedia which user can jump from article to the other or jump to the next mark in DVD. The figure 1.1 below shows the structure of Hypermedia. Figure 1.1 Hypermedia Multimedia applications are a computer based programs that are designed to manipulate multimedia data with different sources like text, graphics, audio and video [NIE07]. Multimedia applications can be found in many areas such as: Education, nowadays computer based training applications that designed to simulate the scientific experiments by creating the reactions environment and show the hypothetical results that should be produced from the row materials that will react in the reaction environment, these applications are safer for students from some experiments in real world as well they use some visual effects to explain some phenomenon like physical, chemical and geographic learning applications. Advertising, multimedia applications can be found in advertising and journalism like the advertising of products and places like restaurants and companies, in journalism nowadays electronic copies of magazines and journals. Entertainment, in this field multimedia is used to design video games and visual effects of games and movies, interactive multimedia is used heavily in video games that the user participates alone or with others on the same computer or over the internet not just sit and watch. Industrial sector, multimedia is used as a way to help present information to shareholders, superiors and coworkers. Multimedia is also helpful for providing employee training, advertising and selling products all over the world via virtually unlimited web-based technology. Mathematical  and  scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. For example, a  scientist  can look at a  molecular model  of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the  Journal of Multimedia, in engineering multimedia applications now used to design buildings and machines before implementing them in real world [LIZ04]. Since multimedia represents some motion captured and stored on some remote place there must be some kind of delivery mechanism to transfer multimedia files from its source (producer) to the destination (consumer) [LIZ04]. Multimedia delivery can be divided into two categories offline and online delivery, offline delivery means transferring multimedia, without using internet, by using removable storage medium like CD-ROM to the hard disk on one station, multimedia was spread widely after the increase using of CD’s DVD’s and now Blue ray which are large storage media can hold the large size of multimedia files, online delivery (also called Streaming) uses the internet for transferring the multimedia from the producer which is usually a server with bulky storage to the consumer which is the client who can be any terminal mobile phone, personal computer or television and takes into consideration the statues of the network the client and server are connected to. Online delivery transmits video files for events happened at the same time like video conferences, football games or video calls; or already processed and stored videos like video clips and movie trailers, online delivery multimedia and websites should be written in an efficient way to transmit or deliver the multimedia files and they are able to be read by the client, also there must be enough resources for the network and the client (which are available bandwidth, network throughput, congestion, and for the client the available buffer and client’s device speed, etc..) in order to transmit the multimedia file efficiently and the client has a successful experience [NIE07][LIZ04]. The adaptive streaming is the process of transmitting videos from the server to the client over internet in an efficient way depending on the network and client’s statues; to deliver videos faster and fewer pauses different qualities are saved to the same video and the server switches between these qualities according to the network and client’s statues. In this thesis, a proposed protocol for streaming videos in adaptive way is introduced; the protocol has two sides the server or the sending parity which is responsible of transmitting the video files to the client in an adaptive way and the receiving party known as the client who receives the videos and displays them on his screen, adaptive means taking into consideration the statues of network like the available bandwidth in order to transmit the video file to the client smoothly, the processing of the video files is done on line, in other words the video frames are processed during the transmission according to the available bandwidth measured at the moment, dislike the used technologies nowadays which they save more than one copy of the video file with different bitrates and transmit the proper bitrate version of the video to the client according to the available bandwidth. Literature Review In this section reviews to some related work for this thesis about the dynamic video streaming over the internet â€Å"A Buffer-Driven Approach to Adaptively Stream Stored Video over Internet†, by Dejian Ye [YED02], In dynamic video streaming technique many parameters can affect the streaming operation of video from a server to client one of these parameters is the buffer size of the sending and receiving parts, authors focused on the server and client buffer size and according to their statues server decide the quality of transmitted video, the buffer size and amount of available buffer size in the sender and receiver sides decide the quality of the transmitted video from the server to the client. â€Å"ENet Dynamic QoS Controller for Video Streaming Application†, by Qingyang Wang [WAN10], the popularity of video on demand and streaming over the internet increased and the limitations between the server and the client that may appear during streaming like supporting data type or bandwidth or computer speed and throughput and how to maintain a good QOS the authors design Enet which is a tool added to the server. Enet is a simple Fuzzy System used to switch between multiple bit rate versions of video, it picks the most appropriate bit rate to the client’s properties, this method takes a large storage space since it stores multiple versions of video with different bit rate for each video copy. â€Å"Adaptation Algorithm for Adaptive Streaming over HTTP†, by Konstantin Miller [MIL12]. Internet videos (live or on demand) take a large amount of internet traffic, in this paper authors build an algorithm for the client side which tries to improve the delivery of video to the client by making client selects the appropriate bit rate depending on the client and network conditions like bandwidth available buffer and network throughput. They integrated the algorithm with a prototype implementation of a streaming client based on the MPEG DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) standard which divide the video file into segments and each segment is saved in a number of different bit rates and client take the responsibility of selecting the most appropriate bit rate depending on the clients and network state. The design of the algorithm download the video file as segments one after the other and it uses one buffer that results client cannot receive the segment N unless it com plete receiving segment N-1. â€Å"Confused, Timid, and Unstable: Picking a Video Streaming Rate is Hard†, by Te-Yuan Huang [HUN12], Hulu, Vudu and Net Flux are three video streaming service providers that provide videos with high quality to the users with some fee. Videos provided by these services are divided to chunks with multiple bit rates for each chunk (when bit rate is slow chunk size is small and high bit rate the chunk size is big) and server switches between these chunks with different bit rates according to the available bandwidth. The problem is when requesting a video and start watching it and after some time another video requested a downward spiral effect appears which is bit rate goes down to the lowest level despite there is enough bandwidth for higher bit rate. â€Å"USING SCALABLE VIDEO CODING FOR DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE TREAMING OVER HTTP IN MOBILE ENVIRONMENTS†, by Christopher Muller [MUL12], DASH is the approach that is used to transfer video over the internet in dynamic way to the user, it’s done by saving multiple copies of the video each copy with different bit rate and the server starts switching between these copies or bitrates according to client’s specifications. In this paper authors uses scalable video coding (SVC) instead of advanced video coding (AVC or H264) which provide more flexibility to the system with the available bandwidth and the buffer size, But if the client switches from one bit rate to the other (higher or lower) and he already requested a chunk before, this chunk will be canceled. The server will save multiple copies of video as a group of chunks. SVC experiment and code depend on windows so it’s not available to other operating systems. â€Å"OPTIMIZING HTTP-BASED ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING FOR WIRELESS ACCESS NETWORKS† by Xiaoling Qiu [Qui 13], Authors in this paper propose new approach for dynamic streaming videos over HTTP; their approach measure the available bandwidth of the network and client’s CPU speed and old measurements into account to select the best video quality using an optimization algorithm. This method contains optimization algorithm to select quality of segments to be sent to the client, but this method suffer from high computation rate. Aim of thesis The aim of this thesis is to build an efficient streaming protocol for transmitting video files from the server to the client with accepted waiting time at the client side. The work in the thesis focuses on video files transmission to provide the accepted delivery time, videos usually are large size files this needs compression method to be used to reduce the video file size when the available bandwidth is below the required level for transmitting videos without compression, also this thesis takes into consideration the quality of the delivered video, the quality of the received video is maintained since the used compression technique in the proposed protocol is lossless technique so there is no loss in the transmitted video file quality at the client side. Another important side in video streaming technique is the buffer management; the proposed streaming protocol uses a variable size for the buffers at the server side and the client side. This approach guarantees the efficient delivery of the required video file without take more than the required memory space. The limitations that affect the proposed protocol execution are: The execution on the internet is hard because it needs to reserve domain in a server over the internet, so the proposed protocol implemented on Local Area Network. The bandwidth values are not real and they were generated randomly to simulate the change on the available bandwidth in real world but the limit of bandwidth was selected depending on used LAN defined bandwidth. Outlines of the thesis This thesis is organized in five chapters as follows: Chapter one: â€Å"Introduction† This chapter begins with explanation of the meaning of multimedia and its applications in real world and also contains a list of reviews works related to this work. Chapter two: â€Å"Theoretical Background† This chapter contains description of the main concepts of video file, video streaming, compression and quality. Chapter Three: â€Å"Video Streaming Protocol† This chapter contains the proposed streaming protocol between the server and the client that satisfy the aim of this thesis of delivering video from the server to the client with little or no pauses and with acceptable quality. Chapter Four: â€Å"Experimental Results† This chapter contains the results of the video streaming protocol introduced in the thesis. Chapter Five â€Å"Conclusion and Future work† This chapter contains the conclusions and the future work for the thesis. 1

Analysis of Demian by Hermann Hesse :: Demian Herman Hesse Germany Essays

Analysis of Demian by Hermann Hesse Demian is the story of a boy, Emil Sinclair, and his search for himself. Emil was raised in a good traditional home at the turn of the century in the nation of Germany. His family is very wealthy and they have a reputation as a principled, religious family. As a boy, Sinclair views the world within the walls of his home as representing all that is good, pure, and innocent. But starting at a young age, he feels an inner conflict between his own little world, the "world of light," and the outside world, or "forbidden realm" which represents sin and loneliness. Even though his mother, father, and two sisters remain within the "world of light", he constantly feels attracted to the outside realm. He ends up feeling uncertain between both of his little worlds, and not belonging to either one of them. This struggle between Sinclair’s two worlds is evident when Sinclair is about 10 years old. While playing one day with some fellow schoolmates, Franz Kromer, an older kid, joins them. In an effort to impress the older boy and his schoolmates, Sinclair makes up a story in which he and another unnamed accomplice stole a bag of apples from a fellow neighbor. Although the story is untrue, Kromer threatens Sinclair with exposure if Sinclair does not pay him off. Unable to pay the full amount, Sinclair is forced to become Kromer’s slave, ultimately sending Sinclair into depression and paranoia. Sinclair feels trapped by Kromer, forced to live within the "forbidden realm", which in turn exiles him from the "world of light" because he has defiled himself by lying and committing sinful acts for Kromer. This experience is traumatic for Sinclair and he is often haunted by nightmares, he is unable to eat, and he becomes withdrawn and sullen. His personality alters as he tries to cope with the bondage of his slavery to this lower-class, troublesome kid, but he sees no escape and reluctantly succumbs to what he believes to be his fate. The arrival of a new kid in tow n, Max Demian, is noticed by everyone due to the strange aura that surrounds him and his recently widowed mother. From the start, Sinclair feels a type of fascination for Demian, a confusing feeling filled with both love and hate. "He was in every respect different from all the others, was entirely himself, with a personality all his own which made him noticeable even though he did his best not to be noticed; his manner and bearing was that of a prince disguised among farm boys, taking great pains to appear one of them.

Werther as the Prototypical Romantic in Sorrows of Young Werther Essay

Werther as the Prototypical Romantic in Sorrows of Young Werther In Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, the protagonist's characteristics and ideas define him as the prototypical romantic personality.   The Romantic Movement emphasizes emotion over reason, an idea that Werther emulates throughout his life.   Werther loves pastoral settings; in nature, he feels most in touch with his emotions.   He rejects rationality and complexity with the sentiment that life is an adventure to be guided by intuition.   Werther's longing for his love, Lotte, is a paradigm of the Romantic concept of sehnsucht, one's constant yearning for something that they will never possess or know.   Werther finds Lotte to be the object of his hopeless desire, but social conventions of a world based on reason keep her just out of his reach.   His unrequited passion for Lotte ultimately destroys him as his frustrated melancholy drowns every other aspect of his personality.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Werther's love of the countryside illustrates his appreciation of the untamed emotion to be found in natural settings.   He believes that an artist can only become great by drawing nature scenes, and considers those who do not appreciate the beauty of the world to be unhealthy.   Werther escapes the rules and regulations that saturate the rational world in pastoral settings such as Wahlheim, where he finds that "I can be myself and experience every happiness known to man"   (43).   He can best sense the presence of God and his spiritual self in nature, and develops some of his deepest connections with Lotte.   Werther is deeply saddened when someone with "no feeling at all for the few things on this earth that are of real value" cuts down the beautiful walnut trees in f... ...iliar sense of yearning that will never be fulfilled.   Werther realizes that death is the only way to end his misery.   Like the insane man picking flowers, Werther has found Lotte as his reason, but death is the only way to lose it again.   Werther is deeply sympathetic for the murderer at Wahlheim because he feels every bit of his hopelessness and sees the man's fate as his own.   The judge reasonably refuses to overlook the law merely because the man allowed emotions to control his actions, and his words, "The man is doomed," might as well have been directed to Werther   (106).   Werther is helpless to his longing, bringing him "to his sad end, lost in a fantastic sensitivity and infinite passion"   (107).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. The Sorrows of Young Werther. Trans. Elizabeth Mayer and Louis Bogan. 1774; New York: Random House, 1970.

Do Creationism and Intelligent Design Have a Place in the Classroom? Es

Surveys show that fifty percent of adults in Turkey, forty percent in the USA and fifteen percent in the UK reject the theory of evolution and believe that life on Earth came into existence as described in the religious texts (Jones and Reiss, 2007; Miller; Scott and Okamoto, 2006; Lawes, 2009). President G. W. Bush commented as follow: Both sides ought to be taught properly...so people can understand what the debate is about....Part of education is to expose people to different schools of thoughts....You’re asking me whether or not people ought to be exposed to different ideas, and the answer is yes (Baker and Slevin, 2005). However other views have been reported in the literature. Pennock (2007: 72) summarizes his position as follows: What should be educators’ and citizens’ response when IDC’s lobby in Kansas and elsewhere to ‘teach the controversy’? We should respond with a slogan of our own: Teach only real science in science classes, not creationist pseudoscience. Jackson in his essay â€Å"The Personal and the Professional in the Teaching of Evolution† shares similar opinions (2007). In 2006, The Times published an article by Halpin reporting the inclusion of creationism in a new biology syllabus produced by the OCR exam board. James Williams, science course leader at Sussex University's School of Education, told the Times Educational Supplement: "This opens a legitimate gate for the inclusion of creationism or intelligent design in science classes as if they were legitimate theories on a par with evolution fact and theory.† The OCR exam board argued that the aim of the syllabus was to make students aware of scientific controversy in accordance to the QCA guidelines (QCA, 2007: 37): Students should be taught how scientif... ...theory and the notion of an old Earth/universe are supported by a mass and evidence and fully accepted by the scientific community (DCSF, 2007). It seems unreasonable to say that creationist explanations and beliefs lie outside the science classroom and will not be addressed without any further discussion (Anderson, 2007; Smith, Siegel and McInerney, 1995). Addressing the validity of evolution or issues about creationism and intelligent design in science lessons could be valuable when illustrating the aspects of how science works such as how scientific knowledge and scientific ideas evolve and how the scientific community invalidates those changes. The role of effective teaching is surely to help students learn about the theory of evolution and appreciate the ways of science, its limitations and how scientific knowledge might differ from other forms of knowledge.

Department Store Marketing Comparison

1. I have chosen to discuss and compare the department store industry. I have chosen this industry because I live in Southern California where the retail sector is a major part of business. Shopping malls are prevalent everywhere. I have seen and experienced all the differences among class and status. With a wide variety of demographics in Southern California, there are a number of shops and stores to choose from. Department stores range from discount warehouses such as Wal-Mart, mid-range stores such as JC Penney, and high-end stores like Nordstrom.I am going to discuss the department store industry specifically for Wal-Mart, JC Penny, and Nordstrom. Coming from a middle-class family, I have experienced shops at all ends of the department store spectrum. When it comes to the amount of department stores located throughout the United States, businesses are placed accordingly. High-end stores are placed in wealthy areas; where as low-end stores are placed in a suitable region. The amou nts of department stores, specifically for each status, are generally appropriate as well. 2. GeographicDemographicPsychographicBenefits SoughtJC PenneyJC Penney’s are located in most major shopping malls in a variety of communities. JC Penney has over 1,100 locations around the United StatesJC Penney tends to focus on the female demographic. More specifically mothers and middle-age womenTries to sell quality items at a low cost. Their new slogan is â€Å"fair and square pricing. † They try to emphasize that their prices are fair at market values. JC Penney is telling customers that they can benefit from their low prices. Don’t go to Nordstrom where everything is expensive or Wal-Mart where the quality is low Wal-MartWal-Marts are often located in low-income areas.Wal-Mart has over 7,000 locations in 15 countries. Wal-Mart targets people of all ages to shop at their stores. They offer children’s, women’s, and men’s clothing. Usually, familie s shop at Wal-Mart. The average annual income for a Wal-Mart shopper is $35,000-$45,000. Many minorities, as well as white decent are what make up the ethnicity of shoppers. Wal-Mart’s main goal is to provide a wide variety of discount priced items for their customers. Their slogans have included â€Å"Always low prices. Always. † and â€Å"Save money. Live better. † Rock bottom pricing and price match guarantees are the norm. Wal-Mart is here consumers go for the absolute lowest prices. If a price isn’t as low as another location, Wal-Mart will match it. NordstromNordstrom stores are much less common than Wal-Mart and JC Penney stores. They are placed in areas where the company knows there are enough individuals that want high end items. Nordstrom caters to the professional who is looking for higher end clothing that is made of quality materials. Nordstrom emphasizes quality and customer service. They pride themselves on offering the â€Å"best customer service of any retailer in America. Nordstrom offers quality items at a decent price.Customers don’t go to Nordstrom for rock-bottom pricing. They go for personal selling and upscale items. These three companies have very different approaches to retail. Wal-Mart is the one-stop shop that people go to for the lowest prices. JC Penney offers quality products at a low price. They usually have similar styles as places like Nordstrom but with lesser-known brands. Nordstrom carries high-end products and they stress customer service and quality. They each take up their own segment of the retail business. 3. Marketing Mix: The Four P’s ProductThe product is seen as satisfying what a consumer needs.It is a tangible good or intangible service. Intangible services are industries such as tourism. Tangible products are cars, razors, etc. PriceThe amount a customer pays for the product. Price determines a company’s profit and has an impact on marketing strategy. Marketers mu st be aware of the perceived value of a product when setting prices. PromotionThis represents the methods of communication that a marketer uses to provide information about their products. Promotion consists of advertising, public relations, etc. PlaceProviding the product at a place that is convenient for consumers. Place is the distribution aspect.JC Penney: Product: Like its two competitors, JC Penney offers a variety of tangible goods for sale. JC Penney caters to its customers with higher end products at an affordable price. It is similar to Nordstrom’s in the types of goods offered. It differs from Wal-Mart because it has less variety. JC Penney offers clothing, bed and bath products, home items, clothing accessories, and patio furniture. Clothing is the main area of production for JC Penney and accounts for more than 50% of sales. Price: JC Penney has recently decided to move to three kinds of prices: everyday, monthly specials, and clearances.They came to this strateg y through a variety of studies. First, using past sales data, the company looked at consumers' actual purchasing behavior, and came up with what it terms â€Å"Fair and Square† pricing, which means shoppers can expect lower prices in stores at all times. To reach this conclusion, research showed 72% of JC Penney's revenue came from selling items priced at least 50% off. Thus, in the example cited in most recent news stories about the â€Å"Fair and Square† strategy, a T-shirt that had retailed for US$14 but typically sold — after markdowns — at US$6, would now be priced at a US$7 every day.Part two of â€Å"Fair and Square† means monthly deals, and in the T-shirt example, the garment would now be marked US$6. The final piece of â€Å"Fair and Square† is called â€Å"best price,† which happens on the first and third Fridays of the month. Said T-shirt would now be marked $4, to clear out seasonal colors and bring in new merchandise. Bas ically, JC Penney focuses on â€Å"sale† items. They use sales to manipulate prices. A â€Å"sale† is really what price the marketer decides to sell an item for to continue making a profit. These sales are based upon how well certain items sell and their perceived â€Å"market values. Promotion: JC Penney focuses its advertisements around the four seasons and its holidays. For example, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter, etc are when JC Penney promotes its items through television and print advertisements. JC Penney is also making a push towards â€Å"smart advertising. † Their promotions now appear in digital magazines, websites, mobile phone apps, etc. Place: JC Penney has more than 1,100 locations across the United States. Many of these locations are at large shopping malls where people go to buy clothes. There is easy access to JC Penney’s product.In addition to the stores, most of JC Penney’s clothing can be purchased from the official website. This gives customers two ways to purchase items on sale at JCP. Wal- Mart: Product: Wal-Mart markets itself as a store where one can walk in and literally purchase anything they need. They offer clothes, sporting goods, food, jewelry, electronics, patio furniture, toys, home improvement, music and movies, automobile parts, etc. The idea is for Wal-Mart to be a one-stop shop for anything a family needs. Price: Wal-Mart’s motto is â€Å"always low prices. † They aim to sell their products at a lower price than nearly every competitor.They usually stock lower quality versions of items at the cheapest price and they even offer a price-match guarantee. If another store is selling the same item for cheaper than Wal-Mart says they will match it. A new part of this guarantee is that customer’s do not have to have the information on hand. They merely need to ask for a price match and the associates should know through prior research. Wal-Mart also does not focus as much on sales but rather on â€Å"everyday† low prices. Promotion: Wal-Mart television advertisements focus on their price match guarantees and everyday low prices.A new Wal-Mart ad campaign bears the slogan â€Å"Low Prices. Every Day. On Everything† and features five 30-second commercials, including ads featuring an Easter egg hunt and a customer asking for a price match. The changes are bringing back local food favorites and national brands in household basics and general merchandise like consumer electronics. Some changes are tailored to local markets. In Phoenix, for example, shoppers will find pool supplies and lawn and garden items year-round. Place: Wal-Mart has 8,500 stores in 55 countries. It is the most recognizable one-stop shop in the world.Wal-Mart is present in many places around the United States that do not have other major retail outlets. For many communities, Wal-Mart is the place to go to find everything one needs to live. Nordstrom: Product: Nordstrom i s a large department store that focuses on upscale items. They carry items from mostly luxury clothing companies such as Hugo Boss, Chanel, etc. Initially a shoe retailer, the company today also sells clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, fragrances, and in some locations, home furnishings. Price: Nordstrom’s customers care less about price and more about quality.The goods offered are not a bargain. They are meant for those in need of upscale items. Luxury products are defined in part by their price. Nordstrom is seeking to appeal to those people that want department store prices but not necessarily large sales and discounts. Promotion: Nordstrom's does not use a low price tag to attract customers; instead they use quality. While it is pricier to shop for clothes and home decor at Nordstrom's; most designer labels prove to be of better quality, uniqueness, and durability. Many of Nordstrom’s television ad campaigns focus on â€Å"re-defining† one. Their marketing strategy focuses on how people can approve their lives with quality clothing and accessories. Place: Nordstrom has 225 stores operating in 29 states. Nordstrom is much less ubiquitous than Wal-Mart and JC Penney. They are located mostly in shopping malls but the company makes sure to build their stores only where there are enough people that can afford luxury items. 4. JC Penney: The JC Penney website has a clean and easy layout. The top of the site has a search bar and then a number of tabs representing each department available to browse through.The website also uses color-coding. Anything representing the values and sales for May is written in purple. There are products on the front page with prices listed underneath. These prices are each in a purple box to show that the sale price is for May. There is one large picture that dominates the home page. It has the letters MOM with â€Å"it’s mother’s may† written above it. As I said before, JC Pe nney focuses its advertising on holidays. The site is user-friendly. Everything is easy to read and it is not too cluttered. The site has areas to find a store and a â€Å"best prices† section.On the upper right there are four logos: a cell phone, envelope, facebook, and twitter. JC Penney is keeping up with the times by including other types of websites and embracing social media. Wal-Mart: The Wal-Mart website is more cluttered than the JC Penney one. On the top there are 5 buttons that read: Value of the day, local ad, store finder, registry, and gift cards. To the right of this is an area to log into a Wal-Mart account and track your orders. On the left of the page is a column showing the major departments available on walmart. com. Under this are two more columns showing savings as well as new products.In the middle of the page there are color advertisements very similar to what one would find in print circulation ads from the mail. There are â€Å"specials† all o ver the front page. Under the advertisements there are two rows titled â€Å"more great ways to save† and â€Å"shop Wal-Mart best sellers. † The Wal-Mart website is cluttered and it is difficult to find what you’re looking for. There is an overload of information. Nordstrom: Nordstrom has the most simple website of the three. The top has tabs for Women, Men, Juniors, and Kids as well as all the brands offered at the store. There is also a sale tab.After hovering over each tab a pop-up appears. Under the of tabs is a large advertisement called the â€Å"perfect 10. † It is a list of Nordstrom’s 10 warm-weather essentials. Nordstrom’s seasonal advertising is apparent. They are in the midst of promoting the Summer line of clothing. Under the advertisements are links to connect the Nordstrom facebook and twitter pages. There is also a handy store and event locator at the top of the page. The website follows a mostly black and white theme with t he only color being on the clothing pictured. This makes the clothing pop on the page and offers good contrast. . JC Penney has positioned itself as a mid to high-end retailer with excellent sale prices. Wal-Mart is positioned as the one-stop shop with the lowest prices of any retailed. Nordstrom is the high-end retailer that pushes the quality of its clothing over cheap prices. Survey: 5 Questions, 20 people surveyed. Where are you most likely to shop: JC Penney, Wal-Mart, Nordstrom †¢JCP: 11 people, Wal-Mart: 3 people, Nordstrom: 6 people Which has the best prices: JC Penney, Wal-Mart, Nordstrom †¢JCP: 5 people, Wal-Mart: 13 people, Nordstrom: 2 people Which has the best quality: JC Penney, Wal-Mart, Nordstrom JCP: 6 people, Wal-Mart: 1 person, Nordstrom: 13 people Which has the best products: JC Penney, Wal-Mart, Nordstrom †¢JCP 8 people, Wal-Mart: 3 people, Nordstrom: 9 people Which is the best at advertising: JC Penney, Wal-Mart, Nordstrom †¢JCP: 9 people, W al-Mart: 7 people, Nordstrom: 4 people In the college student demographic, most people are likely to shop at JC Penney. I conclude that this is because JC Penney positions itself as offering â€Å"stylish† clothing at good prices. Wal-Mart is seen as the bargain bin and Nordstrom is too expensive for most students.It is evidenced through this survey that each company has a very differentiated place in the consumers’ minds. Wal-mart is seen as the price leader, Nordstrom’s as quality, and JC Penney as good quality at a low price. The consumer impressions of each company match how each of the competitors have positioned themselves in the marketplace. 6. SWOT AnalysisWal-Mart StrengthsWal-Mart’s strengths are centered on its â€Å"always low prices† motto. Wal-Mart positions itself as having the lowest prices of any competitor. They even guarantee to match any competitor’s price.The survey shows that people are getting this message and know tha t Wal-Mart is the cheapest. WeaknessesWal-Mart has a problem when it comes to the perception of the quality of their products. People see Wal-Mart as cheap but low quality. Good in the short-run but not long-lasting. OpportunitiesTo improve performance, Wal-Mart could create an advertising campaign to show how they have low prices AND quality products. They could possible create departments with higher-end goods. ThreatsCompetitors such as Costco and other one-stop shows are external elements that could threaten Wal-Mart.Other companies can also attack the quality of products and the methods Wal-Mart uses to get these prices. 7. Wal-Mart has new CRM strategies in place for the new decade. Wal-Mart president Lee Scott Jr. has addressed how he is trying to make Wal-Mart the â€Å"company of the future. † They are seeking to gain new clients while still keeping old ones. Wal-Mart’s CRM strategy stresses â€Å"corporate responsibility† and its five factors: ethical consumerism, risk management, transparency, accountability, and responsibility. Scott had detailed his company's approach to the social component of retail.Executives, he said, meet regularly with a panel of 50 young consumers, many of whom have cut their personal spending — at restaurants, movies, or shopping in general — and say they feel good about the money they're saving. That sentiment, Scott noted, will likely remain with this generation of consumers even after the economy bounces back, a factor that retailers have to be cognizant of. Despite the consumer preference for multiple touch points, each shopper still expects recognition as a single individual, which means retailers must create a seamless multichannel experience.A rising number of consumers are using two or more channels to research, evaluate, purchase, and return products, Janiak said, a phenomenon that has been made possible by the Internet. According to Forrester Research, by 2012, 49 percent of Uni ted States retail sales will be online or cross-channel sales. Even today, the importance of the online channel is significant, Janiak said, citing a recent Deloitte survey of retail executives that indicated every dollar of merchandise sold online influences as much as $3 in the store. Wal-Mart is committed to covering the Internet aspect of retail in the future.They know that mobile phones, tablets, and laptops are the consumer devices of the future. In addition, Walmart. com, the online division of Wal-Mart, has leveraged its consumer tracking tools to work out even more precisely what the value of each of its customers is. â€Å"They (Walmart. com) know when they put Valentine's Day flowers on sale how much it costs to send that message, what percentage of customers end up on that site because of that message, how much money they will spend, and what is the likelihood of that customer coming back and buying other things,† says Wharton marketing professor David Reibstein.T hey don't simply look at one-time purchases, but at all the purchases afterwards, and use that information to calculate the value of spending advertising dollars. â€Å"They have that down to a science for almost all of their advertising. † Wal-Mart is adept at tracking purchasing patterns and catering their advertising to specific consumers. Nordstrom is also adept at customer relationship management. They stress that they are the leaders in customer service excellence. They state â€Å"the company with the greatest reputation for customer service in the United States continues to be Nordstrom.One of Nordstrom’s leaders states: What that takes is courage, dedication, and the fact that customer service isn't a strategy, but rather a way of life. A couple of years ago a company called me to speak to the organization because [that year] they were focusing on customer service. That [begs] the question: What were you emphasizing last year and what are you going to emphasi ze next year? At Nordstrom, it's a realization that they're not in the apparel business, shoe business, or cosmetic business, they're in the customer business. JC Penney and its new CEO are also at the forefront of CRM.He says that â€Å"a greater impact may come from information systems the customer rarely sees, such as customer relationship management (CRM) software. â€Å"Apple reshaped the retail landscape and combined technology with customer know-how to change the customer experience,† Fader notes. â€Å"Now, every retailer wants to do that. Using technology and social media to enhance the shopping experience is all well and good, but there is lower hanging fruit by using technology to better target buyers. † Nordstrom and JC Penney department stores also have cards such as a â€Å"Nordstrom card† that offer sales and deals to those that shop at Nordstrom frequently.These cards are the company’s way of rewarding those that are frequent purchasers t hat offer a â€Å"lifetime value† to the company. The retailers also offer credit cards to purchase their items that can be paid off with payments instead of all at once. 8. The societal marketing concept holds that a company should make marketing decisions based on what the customer wants. It is closely linked with corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. Companies of the future are focusing on environmental concerns because this is what people care about.Hybrid cars and alternative fuels are hot topics in the modern political arena and corporations must address this. Wal-Mart has begun a food-labeling program that will add â€Å"great for you† to many of its products on the fruit counters. Wal-Mart is trying to stress that its fruits do not include harmful pesticides or fertilizers. Wal-Mart has had environmental problems in the past. They recently had to pay a $1 million dollar fine and develop and environmental management plans because they viol ated storm water requirements under the Clean Water Act. Wal-Mart has created a plan to cut 2. million metric tons of CO2 emissions by 2013 by making stores more efficient. They have also said that Wal-Mart now reuses or recycles more than 80 percent of the waste produced in its United States operations. Since 2005, the company has reduced greenhouse gases by 12 percent and increased its trucks’ fuel efficiency by 65%. It is evident that Wal-Mart is making a concerted effort to be more environmentally responsible. In terms of charity, the Wal-Mart foundation has worked for global women’s economic empowerment, hunger relief, education, military support, and disaster relief.They also have many scholarship programs. JC Penney has committed to reduce energy consumption by 20 percent per gross square foot by 2014 by increasing energy-efficiency improvements and implementing conservation practices. In 2009, the retailer prevented about 80 million pounds of greenhouse gas emi ssions due to its new energy-efficiency measures. The retailer has invested millions of dollars to install advanced metering technology, lighting retrofits, and high-efficiency HVAC systems in its stores. JC Penney was the first retailer to earn the Energy Star Award for sustained energy management.JC Penney has been a member of the ENERGY STAR program since 1999 and was recognized as an ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year in 2007 and 2008. In addition, when the new ENERGY STAR efficiency benchmark for retail stores was introduced in October 2007, four JC Penney stores in Washington State became the first buildings to earn the Energy Star label for energy efficiency. Currently, 52 JC Penney stores, as well as the home office in Plano, Texas, have qualified for the ENERGY STAR Building Label. The retailer has set a goal to achieve ENERGY STAR certification for at least 200 stores across the country.Last year, JC Penney began using social media for charitable giving. They released several new digital initiatives. They also announced that since 1999, they have raised more than $100 million in scholarships and grants through its charity JC Penney Afterschool. Nordstrom is also committed to â€Å"sustaining the environment. They are working on resource conservation, recycling and waste management, packaging innovations, and organic cotton development. They have used 100% recycled bags and boxes since 2008. Nordstrom has perhaps the more radical approach to charity.They have opened a store in New York City at which all the profits have been committed to charity. Other than this, Nordstrom has the least about charity out of the three companies. Each of these three companies has been committed to environmental change. They have demonstrated a commitment to reducing waste and pollution. JC Penney is the most environmentally conscious of the three and was awarded an Energy Star. In terms of charity, Wal-Mart has the most charitable donations of the three. Based on these fi ndings all of the companies are focused on the â€Å"societal marketing concept. 9. With the economic collapse of 2008, the retail sector was one of the hardest hit. However, JC Penney, Nordstrom, and Wal-Mart have recovered remarkably. All three companies recently produced increased profit margins. Wal-Mart is #2 on the Fortune 500 list and isn’t in any foreseeable danger. I would say that of the three, Nordstrom is most in danger of hitting tough times. Although profits rose, Nordstrom caters to high-end retailers. If there is another economic collapse then Nordstrom may face danger. One retail giant that wasn’t so lucky was Mervyn’s.At its peak Mervyn’s had nearly 200 stores in 10 states. However in 2008, Mervyn’s began the process of liquidating its entire inventory and all stores were closed. Their liquidation shows the fragile nature of the retail business. If I could choose any product in this industry to close down I might have to go with Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is known for exploiting poor nations for resources and cheap labor. Additionally, employees get very few benefits and most are on minimum wage. I think they are too focused on low prices at the expense of quality and fair business practices.They also have a monopoly on the U. S. retail sector. In 2010 they had over $300 billion in sales. The next highest was Kroger at nearly $80 billion. The difference between Wal-Mart and its competitors is staggering. 10. Personal selling involves face-to-face interaction in which a seller persuades the customers to buy products or services. Wal-Mart has over 57,000 suppliers that use personal selling to get their products on Wal-Mart shelves. Wal-Mart has an online step-by-step process to become a supplier to the company.If Wal-Mart is interested in a supplier then they will try to meet the leaders of the supply business to see if they are capable. Suppliers must then sign a contract with Wal-Mart. The contract, commonly known as the vendor agreement, outlines the mechanics of how the supplier and retailer will work together. The agreement generally addresses sales and delivery timeframe, arbitration, and termination rights, and liability. As a rule, Wal-Mart uses a non-negotiable boilerplate. Charley Moore, CEO and founder of legal service RocketLawyer. om, says this means potential suppliers can study similar contracts online before meeting with the buyer. Wal-Mart generally starts out smaller suppliers in a local market, delivering goods to up to 50 stores, as a test run. If the supplier provides a high-selling product and proves reliable, it might be considered for national distribution. Bruce Zutler, CEO and co-founder of MCI Products Group, a New York-based company that specializes in new product development and overseas sourcing, recommends small suppliers think of the test-run as the time to prove they are capable. If you have a good product and you strengthen their sales, then the buyer will stay with you,† says Zutler. The test run is the time when suppliers must â€Å"sell† Wal-Mart on carrying a product. After all these efforts then the product may be picked up nationally and customers can find them at â€Å"everyday low prices† around the nation. 11. If I were the CEO of Nordstrom, I would get my best customers to order more by selectively having sales on items that were popular in the past. I would bring these items back in different styles and colors and place a seasonal sale on the items.This would encourage old customers to reacquire items that they previously liked, but that have acquired wear and tear over the years. I would also offer deals to frequent customers such as â€Å"Spend $200 and get 10% off. † This usually makes people spend more than they are planning on in order to get a deal. In addition to displaying similar clothes to what people ordered, I would follow the Land’s End method and offer matching accessories such as wallets, belts, shoes, watches, etc that go well with items that customers purchased.I would place these accessories close by to the clothing in the store so that people would be more likely to associate the accessories with products that they had already purchased. I would also offer incentives to frequent buyers. The more a person buys, the more â€Å"special† sales and opportunities they are offered. Nordstrom is one of the most successful retailers in terms of data analysis. They have updated their technology to bring SKU information much faster. The new technology also helps to analyze customer patterns and helped bring Nordstrom out it its slump. 12. The three companies have very different advertising efforts.JC Penney has released a new ad campaign called â€Å"say no to the status quo. † The ad campaign includes tv and outdoor ads as well as a Facebook page where visitors can scream their frustration at old types of advertisements. My favorite advertisement ou t of these three companies is the new JCP television ad shows people screaming at sales that ended early. They are overwhelmed at all the different numbers of sales and prices. JC Penney is saying that they are simplifying their sale structures. The campaign paves the way for the company’s new â€Å"fair & square† price structure.The ad is effective in because it has a comedic effect and addresses a legitimate concern for customers that are overwhelmed by the number of sales at retail outlets. Wal-Mart has recently committed to spending more on television advertising. In addition, Wal-Mart added thousands of screens in its retail locations that constantly show advertisements in different areas of the store. Wal-Mart is also trying to focus more on other aspects besides prices. They are beginning to advertise well-known national brands. Nordstrom’s advertising focuses on the quality of their product.Nordstrom's strives to meet customer satisfaction through offeri ng an array of products. â€Å"Our goal is to offer a well-edited range of products for a variety of lifestyles. â€Å". While they don't offer common, everyday needs like toiletries, groceries or cat litter; they do offer more upscale products such as apparel and home decor. Nordstrom, like Walmart, offer a private label–but without the notable discount. Nordstrom’s newest advertisement shows a woman opening the door to a man. The man drops his umbrella and looks at the girl in disbelief. The screen then shows the words â€Å"reinvent the complement. The advertisement is saying that by wearing Nordstrom clothes, people don’t even need to say anything. You can simply tell you are wearing quality clothing by their reaction to seeing you. 13. Retailers have to deal with a variety of factors in their supply chain management process. JC Penney is committed to offering merchandise and services that reflect the full range of their customers’ lifestyle prefer ences. To help them deliver on their brand promise of offering style and quality at a smart price, they pursue relationships with minority and women-owned suppliers that help provide for the needs of its diverse customers.They state that that sustaining a strong supplier base requires building relationships with suppliers they trust. That’s why, for more than 30 years, jcpenney has considered its Supplier Diversity program integral to business success. This program fosters relationships with qualified minority and women-owned suppliers, reflecting the diversity of associates, customers and community. Since its inception, the jcpenney Supplier Diversity Program has realized substantial growth in the purchases of merchandise, goods and services from minority and women-owned suppliers.JC Penney must deal with a variety of other things in its supply change management program. They have a US logistics operation that focuses on developing environmentally sound packaging, utilizing alternative energy sources and conservation to reduce cost and carbon footprint, and continued expansion of recycling and reuse projects. Wal-Mart is noted for the incredible speed of their supply chain. Wal-Mart’s legendary supply chain technology has allowed them to break the three-day barrier that some economists in the eighties felt was largely unbreakable.In other words, Wal-Mart is often able to replenish items on the Wal-Mart shelf in less than three days – not from the central warehouse to the shelf, but from the manufacturer to the shelf. With quick and reliable 2-day turn around, Wal-Mart is able to maintain lower levels of inventory and still meet customer demand. These lower inventory levels result in either a reduced floor plan with lower carrying costs and lower interest expense – or a greater diversity of products on the store shelves. Wal-Mart has over 7,000 factories worldwide that supply their products.Regulating these factories is an enormous practice. In the past, Wal-Mart has come under intense scrutiny because of working conditions in their factories as well as the presence of underage workers. Wal-Mart must deal with these challenges on a regular basis. Nordstrom’s supply chain starts with its vendors that they buy directly from. Once the regional buyers find out what products are needed to reach the target market, they go to the showrooms and order in bulk. The vendors then ship the products to warehouses across the country.They use a system called Accenture to determine their inventory. The inventory of each store is determined by Accenture, sent to each retail store, and purchased by customers. Accenture figures out which products are needed at each store. Nordstrom also uses the supply chain management software called SynQuest. SynQuest markets itself as a tool that facilitates planning, execution, and control on all orders. SynQuest uses financial optimization and real-time management. As it can be seen, Nordstrom and other companies use cutting-edge software to manage their supply chains.

Animal Farm Analytics

Leaders usance m whatsoever manoeuvre to withhold situation and preserve require over the ignorant people. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the USSR from 1922-1952, utilize m whatever clever and some periods flaming(a) techniques to keep his power over the Soviet people. These strategies be shown in George Orwells allegory of the Russian revolution, puppet call down. pile, the self-proclaimed leader of sentient being Farm and allegorical representation of Joseph Stalin, has quite a few crafty and cunning ship canal to retain his authority over the carnals.For example, by only educating the piglets and dogs, snooze keeps the majority of the faunas unstudied and ignorant and thitherfore easier to manipulate. By blaming mistakes and wrongdoings on increase, an exiled pig who is an allegorical representation of the exiled Russian leader Leon Trotsky, forty winks is equal to(p) to relieve 1self a viridity competitor. This takes the blame take a focal point of himself and instills a f cover in the animals, do it easier for pile to control the open. Finally, he trains puppies to operate labialize dogs and uses them as a natural law phalanx, forcing the animals obey his every word by reverence of corporate harm.By safekeeping the passel ignorant and afraid, nap is fitting to retain his power over Animal Farm. Since he embossmentricts formal education to the piglets and dogs, cat sleep is able to keep the keep oning animals unstudied and docile, using their stupidity to his advantage. For example, after Napoleon murders many of the animals who are supposedly in league with snowball, the animals are a sharpness uneasy because they recall a decree that states, No animal shall kill any anformer(a) animal (Orwell 58).Muriel, a literate person goat, reads the decree after the massacre, and it says, No animal shall kill any other animal with away cause (151). She thinks that somehow or other the last two words had slipped out of her m emory. But she saw now that the Commandment had not been violated for clearly there was computable reason for killing the traitors (165-166). Because Napoleon only educates the wealthy, the rest of the animals are oblivious(predicate) to what is going on and believe everything that they are told.When Napoleon changes the Commandments, the animals blame their own bad memories and proceed to believe whatever is indite in the commandment because Napoleon is ever right(111). Napoleon exploits the animals gullibility when he modifies the Commandments to justify his atrocities and garner even more(prenominal) power. Since the animals only believe what they are told by Napoleon and the media, he is able to bear his control over the farm. By limiting education to only a acquire few, Napoleon is able to manipulate the masses and get away with changing things to his benefit.Napoleon creates a scapegoat and commonalty enemy for the animals by blaming everything that goes awry on sw eet sand verbena. This, in turn, brings about a sense of fear that helps Napoleon strengthen his rule. single good example where Napoleon executes this strategy is early in the spring, when the animals absorb news from Napoleon that snowball is secretly frequenting the farm at night and disturbing the animals in their sleep. After audience this news, the animals are thoroughly frightened.It awaited to them as though snowball were some sort of invisible influence, pervading the crinkle about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers (147). Blaming Snowball for everything that goes askew is a good way for Napoleon to create a common enemy and inculcate fear in the animals. By putting Snowball on a lower floor a bad light, Napoleon imbibes it seem as though he is the good guy and Snowball is the bad one. His actions devote his reign seem perfect since everything is damned on Snowball. This way, he will receive no opposition.Additionally, by depicting Snowball as the r eason for all their troubles, the rest of the animals look up to Napoleon to make the right decisions and lead them through with(predicate) this time of crisis. Animals that are afraid are evermore easy to control. Creating a scapegoat allows Napoleon to deflect the blame from himself and create nationalism within the animals, making it easier for Napoleon to rule. Napoleon uses the dogs as a police force to control the animals through fear of bodily harm. After Jessie and Bluebell have guild puppies, Napoleon takes and trains them in seclusion.They soon drive into nine vicious killer dogs. One day, Napoleon assembles the animals in the yard to avow their crimes. Any animal who opposed or rebelled against Napoleon steps up, confesses his crimes, and is slain on the spot by the dishonor dogs, right in front of the other animals. The dogs are ruthless and tear the animals throats out. After witnessing this bloody massacre, none of the animals know why they had keep an eye on t o a time when no one dared speak his mind, when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades rupture to ieces after confessing to shocking crimes. There was no thought of rebellion or noncompliance(161). Napoleon, by creationly executing anyone who happens to provoke or disobey him, sets a preceding(prenominal) of what will happen if any of the animals rebel. The attack dogs are able to crush any signs of rebellion. This puts Napoleon in supreme power because every animal will do whatever he tells them to do, in fear of being killed. By using the dogs as a means to control, Napoleon is able to crush any signs of rebellion and maintain his control on the farm through fear of physical harm.In Animal Farm, the public is uneducated and afraid, which makes them much more easily manipulated by Napoleon and the pigs. By only educating the wealthy, Napoleon makes sure that the cosmopolitan public is uninformed and therefore easier to control. Blamin g Snowball for everything that goes astray creates a scapegoat and common enemy, which inflicts a fear in the animals. This to a fault makes Napoleon seem more perfect, so the animals are more likely to get word to him and give him more power. Napoleon to a fault creates a police force from the attack dogs, who help control the general public by fear of physical harm.In Animal Farm, Napoleon goes to extreme lengths to remain in power, much like other authoritarians around the world. In the 1900s, Stalin did many knockdown-dragout things to keep in control of the Soviet Union, including mass murdering innocent people who speak up against the government. Leaders go to extremes and use oppressive tactics to remain in control of their land. In future circumstances, the public should be careful not to arrogance their leader too much or give them too much power, otherwise the leader will become the dictator of a totalitarian regime.