Research And Investigation Into Differential Validity And...

Research and investigation into differential validity and differential prediction has been ongoing, especially as it relates to cognitive ability tests. This is due, in part, to the apparent validity differences inherent in cognitive ability tests between minority and nonminority groups. Test bias, differential validity, and differential prediction will be discussed, along with how each of these relate to cognitive ability tests. Test bias may occur in some situations, and this can sometimes lead to adverse impact for various subgroups. The concepts surrounding differential validity can also have an effect on ethical and global considerations for an organization, which will also be explored. Differential Testing Test Bias A primary†¦show more content†¦Therefore, although it would be ideal to use selection procedures that are highly valid, and display appropriate diversity, this may not always occur. However, simply because a test shows lower scores for a minority group does not necessarily mean the test shows bias. Differential Validity and Differential Prediction A relatively large mean difference found between various subgroups for general cognitive ability tests is suggestive of bias regarding test scores (McDaniel Banks, 2010). This perception seems to be supported by single-group validity, which in this example, would indicate that general cognitive ability tests have validity for one subgroup, but not the other. Differential validity puts forward the concept that a test has one validity for one subgroup, and a significantly different validity for another subgroup (McDaniel Banks, 2010). There is an issue with this line of logic though, single-group validity lacks the comparison needed to actually compare the two subgroups. Extensive research backs this up, and it has been found that differential validity is very uncommon (Berry, Barratt, Dovalina, Zhao, 2014; Cascio Aguinis, 2011; McDaniel Banks, 2010). Therefore, different validities for various subgroups in not necessarily what is occurring with general cognitive ability tests, at least not very often. Instead, the issue occurring with general cognitive ability tests regardingShow MoreRelatedSignificance of the Study: Predictive Power of High School GPA and Admission Test Scores on College Academic Performance 1026 Words   |  5 PagesSignificance of the Study The findings of this study can be valuable in three ways. First, they may guide admissions personnel and decision makers at the ministry of higher education and scientific research in identifying whether high school GPA and admission test scores help in predicting academic performance of students attending higher education institutions. This study might also help them in the development of future admission plans and student retention programs at Yemeni universities andRead MoreHow Does Opinionated Responses Affect Job Performance827 Words   |  4 PagesFuture employee success was found, â€Å"a meta-analysis’s low validity is largely due to four main problems with references and letters of recommendation: leniency, knowledge of the applicant, low reliability, and extraneous factors involved in writing and reading such letters† (Aamodt, 2016, p. 161). A letter of recommendation has a great chance of developing into one predictor of performance with certain abilities of further refinement and research. The trait approach assists to validly score adjectivesRead MoreThe Effect Of Concentration On The Rate Of Reaction By Decreasing The Time1708 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, the spread of colour could be slow since a large quantity of I2 has been used up to cancel the significantly larger amount of HSO3- ions. For what has been observed, the second part of the hypothesis is plausible. Though, this is an area of investigation which needs to be further investigated to be considered a reliable statement. Overall, the data supports the first half of the hypothesis and hints at the plausibility of the second part. To confirm that the reliability of both reactions withRead MoreEssay on Personality in the Workplace1380 Words   |  6 Pagesapplicants are motivated to misrepresent themselves in their responses in an attempt to be the ideal candidate (Carswell, Law, Lee, Lewis O’Neill, 2013, p.162). It is also important to mention that â€Å"conscientiousness in particular, has broad predictive validity for academic and job performance† (Higgins, Lee, Peterson, 2007, p.299). For neuroticism a higher score than the average was received, meaning the participant is less likely to cope with stress in work situations very well. The openness score wasRead MoreEffectiveness Of A Control Experiment1397 Words   |  6 Pagesobliged to make a prediction of what will happen due to what variable and give a justification. 1) Reliability: This is the general consistency of measure. At the point when researcher gathers information they need to make sure that the information they collect is reliable by repeating test numerous time or else the results can be false or inaccurate. Additionally it is important so that when another scientist repeats the experiment or test they hold similar results.2) Validity: its means that ourRead MoreUnderstanding Lmx And Hrd Theories1732 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership development specialists by defending its validity as opposed to its usefulness. LMX theory of leadership emphases on the step of emotional support and exchange of valued resources between the leader and members; thus, LMX leadership theory s key application is to analyze this relationship to a higher superiority that can be advanced in this relationship, enabling its best improved performance. First we start to analyze the recent research indicated that LMX functions as a go-between LMXRead MoreThe Development Of Facial Perception2429 Words   |  10 PagesThis literature review will examine three studies on the development of facial perception in infants. There is a large body of research already dedicated to this topic, maintaining this first year of life as an integral stage in perceptual development (Oakes Ellis, 2013). Facial perception is of particular is important because of its pervasive social implications (Bahrick, Lickliter, Castellanos, 2013). Greater understanding of perceptual ability may offer insights in to how infants interactRead MoreThe Applicability of Resiliency Models in Explaining the Prediction of Depressive Symptoms From Rumination1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of the current study was to examine the applicability of resiliency models in explaining the prediction of depressive symptoms from rumination, and the role of agency and pathways as protective factors among Australian adults. The first hypothesis, based on the direct effects models, that high levels of rumination and that low levels of agency and pathways would be associated with high levels of depressive symptoms was supported for both men and women. The second hypothesis, based on theRead MoreRumination, Hope and Depression1473 Words   |  6 Pagesglobe have found that depression is more prevalent among adult women than adult men (Angst et al., 2002; Kuehner et al., 2003; Pattern et al., 2006; Van De Velde, Bracke, Levecque, Meuleman, 2010). These trends have been supported by Australian research. Population estimates revealed that 407,400 (5.1%) Australian women aged between 16-85 years old had experienced depressive disorders compared to an estimate of 245,000 (3.1%) men (ABS, 2007). Romans, Tyas, Cohen, and Silverstone (2007) screenedRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 Pagesare able to provide scholars with opportunities to conduct research and gain publications—the very accomplishment that allows for tenure 109 110 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY and career advancement (Cole, 1975). Hirschi’s theorizing has thus been a rich resource that criminologists have mined for numerous publications (Gottfredson, 2006; Kempf, 1993; Pratt Cullen, 2000; Sampson Laub, 1993). There is little evidence that this vein of research ideas will soon run dry. This is not to say that Hirschi’s